PM Modi Acts Against Internal Security Threats

India would have had a full-scope indigenous defence program in the way we managed in space, atomic energy and missile technology.

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Correctly, from the start, the Secretaries of the relevant departments have simultaneously headed the program, reporting directly to the Prime Minister. Generalists have their own relevance, but in highly technical areas, getting a file cleared would have been a far slower process through the multiple layers of the administrative system. It is also a fact that the present is even more an era of specialisation than was the situation in the past. A fighter pilot serving or retired may be forgiven for clinging on to the belief that fighter aircraft are what is needed, whereas in modern warfare, missiles and drones play a far more significant role than fighter aircraft, which have become highly vulnerable to missiles in particular. However, there is a far greater danger to our security than specialized Heads of Department being dismissive of methods other than their specialization. This is the dent in national security caused by what resembles termites within the policymaking system. These are the amalgam of (a) retired and serving officials, (b) former and serving arm