CHHATH PUJA: THE FESTIVAL OF SUN WORSHIP, GRATITUDE, AND FAITH

Chhath Puja, one of the most significant and ancient Hindu festivals, is dedicated to the worship of Surya Dev (the Sun God) and Chhathi Maiya, believed to be the consort or manifestation of the Sun's energy. Primarily celebrated in Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, and parts of Nepal, this festival has now transcended regional boundaries and is observed across India with immense devotion and grandeur. The word Chhath literally means "sixth," as the festival begins on the sixth day of the Hindu lunar month of Kartik (October-November).

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Chhath Puja is more than a ritual it is a profound expression of gratitude, purification, and discipline, reflecting the deep bond between humans and nature. The festival honors the setting and rising Sun, symbolizing the eternal cycle of life, death, and rebirth.

The origins of Chhath Puja can be traced to ancient Hindu scriptures and myths. It is believed that the festival dates back to the Rig Vedic period, when the rituals of sun worship were performed by sages to obtain health, prosperity, and longevity. References to Chhath Puja are found in both the Mahabharata and Ramayana, linking the festival to divine figures and royal lineages.

According to one legend, Karna, the son of Surya Dev and Kunti, was the first to perform Chhath Puja. Born with divine armor and earrings, Karna was a great warrior and ruler of Anga (modern-day Bhagalpur). It is said that he performed rigorous penance and offered prayers to Surya Dev standing in the river for hours, seeking his father's blessings. Hence, devotees who observe Chhath are believed to receive the Sun God's energy, health, and prosperity.

Another mythological account links Chhath Puja to Lord Rama and Goddess Sita. After returning to Ayodhya following their 14-year exile, Sita is said to have observed the fast and offered prayers to Surya Dev on the sixth day of the Kartik month, seeking the welfare and prosperity of her family and kingdom. Since then, the ritual became a sacred tradition followed by devotees.

A third belief connects the festival to Draupadi and the Pandavas from the Mahabharata. Draupadi, known for her unshakable faith, is said to have observed Chhath rituals to overcome hardships and restore prosperity to the Pandavas' kingdom. Her devotion pleased Surya Dev, who granted them wealth and happiness.