Kennedy radically reshapes U.S. health policy

In the whirlwind first year of President Trump’s second term, some of the most polarizing changes have taken place within the Department of Health and Human Services, where Robert F. Kennedy Jr. has openly rebuffed the medical establishment as he converts the ideas of his Make America Healthy Again movement into public policy.

- BY ALI SWENSON

ROBERT F. Kennedy Jr. has brought sweeping changes to his department, including staff and research cuts.

(STEFANI REYNOLDS Bloomberg)

Since entering office in February, the Health secretary has overseen a dramatic reshaping of the agencies he oversees, including eliminating thousands of jobs and freezing or canceling billions of dollars for scientific research. As part of his campaign against chronic disease, he has redrawn the government’s position on topics such as seed oils, fluoride and Tylenol. He also has repeatedly used his authority to promote discredited ideas about vaccines.

The department’s rapid transformation has garnered praise from MAHA supporters who say they long viewed Health and Human Services as corrupt and untrustworthy and have been waiting for such a disruption. And both Democrats and Republicans have applauded some of the agency’s actions, including efforts to encourage healthy eating and exercise, and deals to lower the prices of costly drugs.

But many of the drastic changes Kennedy has led at the department are raising grave concerns among doctors and public health experts.

"At least in the immediate or intermediate future, the United States is going to be hobbled and hollowed out in its scientific leadership," said Lawrence Gostin, a Georgetown University public health law professor who was removed from a National Institutes of Health advisory board with a letter that said he was no longer needed. "I think it will be extraordinarily difficult to reverse all the damage."

Department spokesperson Andrew Nixon denied any threat to scientific expertise at the agency and lauded its work.

"In 2025, the Department confronted longstanding public health challenges with transparency, courage, and gold-standard science," Nixon said in a statement. "HHS will carry this momentum into 2026 to strengthen accountability, put patients first, and protect public health."