The primrose has a secret weapon when it comes to pollination: heterostylous flowers, which means the flowers have two kinds of style. Some are thrum-eyed, with a prominent ring of pollen-bearing anthers positioned above the style; others are pin-eyed, with a protruding pistil above the anthers. This two-way arrangement ensures pollen adheres to the furry bodies of visiting pollinators within seconds, ensuring plenty of viable seeds. Charles Darwin(1809–82), who spent 30 years breeding and hybridising primroses in order to understand more about genetics, pointed out these dimorphic differences to The Linnean Society on November 21, 1862.
Long before Darwin presented his paper, nectar-gathering bees had been busy producing a great variety of differences in wild populations. John Gerard listed several in his Herball of 1597, including a green double, and Elizabethan gardeners held such curiosities in high regard. There were hose-in-hose flowers (with one flower set inside another), which were named after the habit of Elizabethan noblemen of wearing two pairs of hose to keep warm in winter, and Jack in the Greens, when flowers sat in a ruff of foliage not unlike an Elizabethan lace collar.
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Every picture tells a story
As the National Gallery prepares to celebrate its 200th anniversary in May, Carla Passino delves into the fascinating history of 10 of its paintings, from artistic triumphs to ugly ducklings and a clever fake
Flying between extremes
Revisiting the Norfolk of his childhood bright, but not as early as planned on an April morning, John Lewis-Stempel is entranced by the wildlife of the Broads and spots a crane so large it renders his binoculars redundant Illustration by Michael Frith
Satan on six legs
The prowling embodiment of Beelzebub, the Devil's coach horse beetle could absolve you of all your sins, says Ian Morton
Sometimes, less is more
FASHIONS in gardening come and go like those on the catwalk, they simply take a lot longer doing so: sometimes decades.
Dropping down to Derwentwater
The gardens of High Moss, Portinscale, Cumbria The home of Peter and Christine Hughes Non Morris visits a much-loved, Historically fascinating Arts-andCrafts garden, which has been imaginatively brought back to life
A Georgian legacy
Down in Wiltshire and Somerset, two country houses and estates have been well tended by their owners
Processions, proclamations and punishment
The wayside crosses that were once beacons in the British landscape have seldom survived the forces of Nature and iconoclasm. Lucien de Guise follows a trail of destruction
A sparkling collection
Guided by the nose of wine expert Harry Eyres, the COUNTRY LIFE team tasted some of England's finest sparkling wines and found elegance and finesse, with notes of hedgerows and seaside air, to compete with any fizz from across the Channel-surely, this is what we should be drinking now Qu
Hampering after summer
Lifting the lid on a sturdy hamper to find cold ham and ginger beer is a summer joy. Julie Harding meets the wicker weavers who make the dream come true
Life's a picnic
With picnic season fast approaching, it's time to elevate your alfresco feast to Michelin-star levels of deliciousness. Here, Paul Henderson asks a selection of the finest chefs to open up their picnic baskets and share some of their top tips for culinary success