Grazing Systems Versus Feedlots: An Economic Perspective

Just as the foot-and-mouth outbreak finally came to an end, the COVID-19 lockdown came into effect.

- Dr WA Lombard And Dr Frikkie Mare

The lockdown period created a slump in the demand for beef (largely due to the closure of restaurants), which was clearly visible in the drop in carcass prices; the maize price, however, remained high. This despite the current maize crop being expected to be the second largest on record.

The strong maize price is the result of the weakening exchange rate. So, whereas the maize price weakened in dollar terms, the price in rand terms remained relatively strong. In addition, the weaner calf price is dependent on carcass and maize prices, among other things – livestock farmers therefore may find market conditions to be quite confusing. Livestock producers may want to rethink their existing on-farm production systems and decide whether it is still the best option for their specific objectives.

This article focuses on the different aspects that must be considered when assessing production systems. The proposed options include a weaner calf production system, an ox system, and a farm feedlot.

Each production system comes with its own set of advantages and disadvantages; producers are thus advised to consider each option carefully to determine which one will best suit their needs. The financial side of these systems will be given particular attention.

Weaner calf production

The majority of the country’s cattle farmers produce weaner calves. Feedlots, which finish around 70 to 75% of the country’s beef, support this system. The grading system also suits feedlot finishing, with A-grade carcasses fetching the highest prices.