WHY TEACHING TRUMPS THE TOOL

LONG after the printing press arrived, we started using books for learning. In modern times, teachers began using projec- tors, smartboards, and tablets in classrooms as the technology evolved. Now, artificial intelli- gence has entered this long lineage of tools. But if history is any guide, pedago- gy-and not the latest technology-moves the needle in learning. Good teaching methods always centred on how instruc- tors engaged students, not the tools.

- MAMIDALA JAGADESH KUMAR

Studies of technology in classrooms across decades offer a cautionary insight. Tools alone rarely boost learning. You need the proper pedagogy around them. A large-scale meta-analysis of 67 studies on English language teaching found that digital technology had a strong positive effect compared with traditional teaching without tech. That is promising. Yet, another review into computer-assisted learning from China found meaningful outcomes only when the content was personalised and integrated into teaching, not just presented through devices.

Another recent study assessed AI support tools that provided personalised guidance, adaptive quizzes and real-time feedback. The students reported better time management and improved performance. In other words, AI tools delivered value when embedded in active learning strategies, not when left to replace them.

Similarly, another study showed improved knowledge, skills, self-confidence and satisfaction among learners when teachers used technology tools in welldesigned learning environments, including social interaction and feedback. A pattern emerges here. Tech is a multiplier-but only with good teaching design.