The fiction that read our future reality

From multiverse theory to mass surveillance and the metaverse... did these novels see it all coming or did it happen because of these prophetic tales?

- By Joanna Kavenna

This year marks 100 years since the first demonstration of television in London.

Elizabeth II sent the first royal email in 1976. The first meeting of the Lancashire Association of Change Ringers took place in 1876. All notable anniversaries. But I'm going with 2026 as the 85th anniversary of a great short story: Jorge Luis Borges's The Garden of Forking Paths (1941). It's about chance, labyrinths and an impossible novel. Ts'ui Pên, an ancestor of the narrator, sets himself the task of writing a novel with a cast of thousands “in which the subject is time”. In most novels, when a character reaches a fork in the path, they must choose: this way, or that way. Yet in Ts'ui Pên's novel, all possible paths are chosen. The garden of forking paths is infinite.

It's often said that Borges's story foreshadows the multiverse hypothesis in quantum physics - first proposed by Hugh Everett in 1957, then popularised by Bryce DeWitt in the 1970s as the “many worlds interpretation” of quantum mechanics. In a 2005 essay, The Garden of the Forking Worlds, the physicist Alberto Rojo investigated this claim. Did the physicists read Borges? Or did Borges read the universe?