Role of global pharma industry in TB diagnostics - II

IN the first part of this article, the authors described the TB remains a persistent global health challenge, particularly in lowand middle-income countries, and the global pharma industry has been at the forefront of TB diagnostics. In this concluding part, they are discussing about traditional sample transportation methods, DBS and dried sputum technologies, advanced molecular transport media & impact on TB diagnostics and public health.

- Pratap N Mukhopadhyaya, Krishna H Goyani & Daisy Patel

Traditional sample transportation methods

Historically, TB sample transportation has relied heavily on conventional methods, such as cold chain systems, where samples are kept refrigerated or frozen during transit. This method is effective in preserving the viability of samples, particularly for sputum and other biological materials that are prone to degradation at room temperature. However, maintaining a cold chain can be challenging, especially in remote or resource-limited areas where access to electricity and reliable refrigeration is limited.

Strengths

Preserves sample integrity: Cold chain systems are effective in maintaining the viability of TB samples, which is crucial for accurate diagnostic results.

Widely adopted: Cold chain logistics are well-established and commonly used across various medical and research fields, making them a standard practice in TB sample transportation.

Limitations

Logistical challenges: Maintaining a cold chain requires reliable infrastructure, including continuous power supply and proper storage facilities, which may not be available in remote areas.

High costs: The need for refrigeration, specialized packaging, and temperature monitoring increases the overall cost of transportation, making it less feasible for widespread use in low-income regions.

Limited reach: Cold chain-dependent solutions are less accessible in regions with poor infrastructure, limiting their effectiveness in those areas most affected by TB.

DBS and dried sputum technologies

To address the challenges of cold chain logistics, alternative methods such as Dried Blood Spot (DBS) and dried sputum technologies have been developed. These methods involve collecting samples on specially treated paper, which allows them to be dried and stored at room temperature for extended periods.