DEFENDING INDIAN SKIES

During Operation Sindoor, Pakistan launched multiple attacks on India’s military installations and airfields, using missiles, rockets and drones. However, Pakistan's every single projectile was intercepted by Indian Armed Forces and brought down before it could reach the intended target.

- AIR CHIEF MARSHAL V.R. CHAUDHARI RETD), FORMER CHIEF OF THE AIR STAFF, INDIAN AIR FORCE

THERE HAS BEEN CONSIDERABLE DISCUSSION

ABOUT THE successful execution of Operation Sindoor. The Indian Air Force (IAF) not only conducted offensive operations efficiently, but also ensured that its robust Air Defence (AD) system prevented any Pakistani missiles, drones, or rockets from reaching their intended targets. What constitutes this integrated AD system? What are the technologies that support this capability? This article will provide the reader with a comprehensive historical perspective, enlightening them on how the IAF meticulously developed such a system.

EVOLUTION OF INDIA'S AIR DEFENCE CAPABILITIES

The Russia-Ukraine conflict has showcased some spectacular surface-to-air missile engagements, specifically those fired from the Man-Portable Air Defence Systems (MANPADS) used by both sides. Many of these MANPADS first appeared in Afghanistan in 1979 and have since been acquired by various terrorist organisations. Helicopters have become particularly vulnerable in areas heavily populated with shoulder-fired missiles of all hues. As a result, the Russian military has faced significant losses, including many helicopters and some fighter aircraft. In response to these losses, they began flying at higher altitudes to avoid the maximum effective ranges of these missiles. However, this tactic also made them susceptible to long-range radar-guided missiles, which continued to impact their operational capabilities. In response, a focused, albeit limited, campaign was launched to suppress the Air Defence systems as a precursor to deep interdiction and strategic strikes.