SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION Of Electrical Motor And Battery In Electrical Vehicle

The sources of energy are various types globally, but for vehicles, the world still depends on crude oil in the form of petrol and diesel. We are well aware that petrol and diesel are limited resources for long-term use. Therefore, the importance of electrical power is increasing day by day, and the world is actively seeking solutions in the form of electrical power.

- ABHISHEK SHARMA

Currently, the demand for electric vehicles (EVs) is continuously increasing in the market. However, there are several issues with the performance of EV components, such as motor short circuits, battery heating, power losses, and heating of operating coils.

In various information sources, we often come across incidents of EVs catching fire or batteries overheating and exploding. In this project, we will discuss how to protect the motor and battery against short circuits by using a relay in electric vehicles. A lab-tested prototype is shown in Fig. 1.

Many times, the terminals of batteries and other power supplies accidentally get short-circuited. This can cause them to overheat, degrade, and even produce arcs. A short circuit occurs when current travels along an unintended path, typically encountering little to no electrical impedance.

Short circuit protection is essential to prevent excessive current flow and ensure the safety of equipment. It operates instantly, tripping the circuit as soon as an overcurrent is detected.