Understanding Monkeypox: Insights and Implications

Monkeypox, a viral zoonotic disease, has gained significant attention in recent years due to its re-emergence and sporadic outbreaks globally.

- Prashant Singh and Ramendra K. Singh

Although historically confined to Central and West Africa, recent trends have highlighted its global relevance. This article offers a comprehensive overview of monkeypox, including its symptoms, treatment options, preventive measures, and current global and Indian contexts.

What is Monkeypox?

Monkeypox is caused by the monkeypox virus, a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus, which also includes the variola virus responsible for smallpox. Originally identified in laboratory monkeys in 1958, monkeypox was first recognized in humans in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). It is endemic in parts of Central and West Africa but has caused outbreaks in other regions due to international travel and trade. Unlike smallpox, monkeypox has a lower mortality rate, but it can still lead to serious illness. Transmission occurs primarily through contact with infected animals like rodents and primates or through handling animal products. Human-to-human transmission can happen through respiratory droplets, bodily fluids, and contaminated materials.

Worldwide Situation