Bhaskaracharya (b. 1114 CE): His work Siddhanta Shiromani expanded on planetary motion and trigonometry.

Ancient India made significant contributions to the field of science. They developed advanced knowledge in mathematics, astronomy, medicine, and metallurgy. Their discoveries and inventions laid the foundation for modern scientific advancements.

- TDG NETWORK

Ancient India was not only a land of spiritual inquiry and philosophical speculation, but also a cradle of scientific innovation. Far from being an isolated culture of religion and metaphysics, early civilization nurtured a deep engagement with empirical knowledge and the workings of the universe. Its contributions in mathematics, astronomy, medicine, metallurgy, and cognitive science laid the intellectual groundwork for many modern disciplines.

While the Western narrative often credits Greece and the Middle East as the origin points of science, recent findings in archaeology, Vedic scholarship, and historical texts have revealed that ancient Indian science, embedded within the Vedas and developed over millennia, was far more advanced and influential than previously acknowledged.

VEDIC ERA: SCIENCE BEGINS IN THE SACRED TEXTS

The earliest known literature—the Vedas—are repositories of profound scientific knowledge. The Rigveda, composed before 1500 BCE, presents a tripartite worldview of earth, atmosphere, and sky, aligning natural phenomena with elemental deities. Far from being merely religious texts, the Vedas and their appendices (the Vedangas) recorded diverse scientific disciplines:

• Kalpa (ritual and geometry)
• Shiksha (phonetics)
• Chhandas (metrics and mathematics)
• Nirukta (etymology)
• Vyakarana (grammar and logic)
• Jyotisha (astronomy and calendrics)

These texts reflect a systematic effort to understand the universe in terms both outer and inner, laying the philosophical foundation of Indian science.

VEDIC COGNITIVE SCIENCE: INNER AND OUTER WORLDS