The ins and outs of alpaca farming

The South African alpaca industry is on the rise, says Alison Notley, president of the South African Alpaca Breeders’ Society and owner of Helderstroom Alpacas near Villiersdorp. She spoke to Sinenhlanhla Mncwango about the origin of this gentle camelid and how its fleece is being processed into quality products.

- Alison Notley

Alpacas have a storied past, with their domestication being traced back to the high-altitude regions of the Andes in South America, where the Inca civilisation held them in high regard. They were first domesticated in the Puna highlands of Peru around 6 000 to 7 000 years ago.

The Incas bred alpacas for their fleece and believed they were a gift from Pachamama, the goddess of earth and time. Their fibre was woven into garments fit for emperors, and the animals were used in many rituals and ceremonies.

Now, thousands of years later, the alpaca is still highly valued for its exceptional fibre.

“With the global movement away from massproduced goods and synthetic fibres, there is growing demand for natural, sustainable alternatives. Alpacas, with their eco-friendly footprint and premium fibre, fit this narrative perfectly,” says Alison Notley, president of the South African Alpaca Breeders’ Society and owner of Helderstroom Alpacas near Villiersdorp in the Western Cape.

According to Notley, alpaca fleece is widely regarded as one of the finest natural fibres in the world. It is hypoallergenic, exceptionally soft, and available in over 20 natural shades, ranging from pure white to rich black, with tones of brown, grey, and fawn in between.

“These natural colours eliminate the need for dyeing, further enhancing the fibre’s eco-friendly credentials. The fibre is twice as warm as sheep’s wool and four to five times stronger, making it ideal for creating long-lasting garments.

“Additionally, alpaca fleece is water-resistant, fire-retardant, and remarkably lightweight. These properties make it a favourite among hand spinners, high-end textile producers, and eco-conscious consumers,” she says.

“Alpaca fibre’s comfort factor is unrivalled. It doesn’t crush, so it’s great for travel. It’s soft enough for babywear and strong enough for outerwear, offering versatility that few other fibres can match.”