DIABETES AND DNA: HOW GENETICS INFLUENCE RISK AND DISEASE PROGRESSION

Diabetes (commonly used to refer to type 2 diabetes mellitus), is a chronic condition that affects how the body processes glucose, has long been understood to have a genetic component.

- DR RAMESH MENON

The risk of developing diabetes is influenced by a blend of genetic predispositions and environmental factors, including diet and lifestyle choices.

The other forms of diabetes such as type 1 diabetes, MODY (mature-onset diabetes in young), gestational diabetes etc. are also influenced by genetic factors, though there are specific mechanisms and risks vary. The relationship between genetics and diabetes is multigenic and complex.

The recent ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research) report indicates that the prevalence of diabetes in India has increased by nearly 50% over the past decade, with an estimated 90 million people expected to be living with diabetes by 2030. Over half of these individuals are unaware of their diabetic condition, which could lead to serious health issues if not identified and treated.

THE ROLE OF GENETICS IN DIABETES

Type 1 Diabetes typically manifests in childhood or early adulthood and is characterized by an autoimmune attack on the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.