The thunder of Jaipur: A legacy of cannons, artillery and power

Jaipur, the Pink City, is celebrated for its palaces, forts, and vibrant culture—but hidden within its grand architecture lies another remarkable legacy: its formidable cannons and artillery traditions. These powerful weapons were not merely instruments of war; they symbolised Rajput pride, engineering brilliance, and strategic mastery.

- TDG NETWORK

Jaivan Cannon Jaigarh, Jaipur

From the world-famous Jaivan cannon to lesser-known but equally fascinating artillery pieces, Jaipur's military heritage offers a rich and compelling narrative. This article explores the history, construction, technology, deployment, and cultural impact of Jaipur’s cannons and artillery in depth.

The rise of artillery in Jaipur coincided with the increasing importance of gunpowder warfare across India in the 16th and 17th centuries. The Kachhwaha rulers of Amber (later Jaipur) were among the first Rajput dynasties to adopt modern firearms and heavy cannons. Their close ties with the Mughal Empire gave them access to advanced weaponry, experienced craftsmen, and specialised metal foundries.

By the time Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II founded Jaipur in 1727, the kingdom had already developed a strong artillery wing, equipped with heavy cannons designed to defend their hill forts and deter invading armies.

The greatest symbol of Jaipur’s artillery power is Jaigarh Fort, perched high above Amber. Constructed in 1726 to protect Amber Palace and the surrounding region, the fort housed workshops, smithies, armouries, and one of the most sophisticated cannon foundries in medieval India.

At Jaigarh, Rajput engineers cast cannons using local iron ore from the Aravalli Hills and a massive furnace capable of melting metal in large quantities. The fort's water systems, including Persian wheels and reservoirs, ensured a continuous supply for cooling the molten metal.