Hanthana in flames:

Fighting to preserve Sri Lanka's ecological treasure

- BY G. A. SEMINI RANANSINGHE

Sri Lanka is an island with rich biodiversity and lush landscape, home to a remarkable fauna and flora.

Yet, these natural treasures are under a growing threat from human-caused wildfires, which destroy forests, endanger life and disrupt local communities. Despite the legal protection given to forests, the existing gaps and regulatory weaknesses often make ecosystems vulnerable.

In January 2020, a fire broke out in the upper part of Sarasavigama near the Hanthana Environmental Area, destroying around 12 acres of land. Recently, on 5th and 19th February 2025, fires erupted near Mahakanda, Galaha, on the western slopes of the Hanthana area. These incidents highlight the growing concern over the increasing frequency of wildfires in a protected forest region of Sri Lanka.

The Hanthana Mountain Range, situated in the Central Province, within the Kandy District, covers approximately 38.56 square kilometers. The Hanthana area serves as a critical watershed for the Mahaweli River. The area is rich in biodiversity with over 200 plant species, including various orchids and ferns, 17 of which are classified as endangered. The area is also home to 120 bird species and several mammals such as the fishing cat, leopard, mongoose, and wild boar, highlighting its biodiversity (Central Province Tourism Department, 2022). Hanthana is also a hub for nature-based activities like hiking, camping, and bird-watching, attracting both locals and foreigners.

In recognition of its ecological and environmental value, the Hanthana Environmental Protection Area was declared BY Gazette Notification No. 1641/28 on 17 February 2010, by the Minister of Environment and Natural Resources, under the National Environmental Act No.47 of 1980.