Unmasking the construction mafia: organised crime's grip on SA

The phenomenon of organised crime syndicates, notably the Mafia, has deep historical roots and was mainly influenced by socio-economic conditions in Sicily.

- PROFESSOR NIRMALA GOPAL

Initially, landowners, unable to depend on state authorities for protection against banditry, resorted to hiring private militias known as "mafie." Over time, these groups evolved from merely providing security for property to becoming quasi-governing bodies that exerted significant influence over local power dynamics.

As this evolution progressed, the Mafia expanded its operations beyond essential protection services, engaging in protection racketeering, conflict mediation, and enforcing clandestine agreements and transactions. Consequently, the Mafia not only supplied security but also effectively monopolised various illicit operations, creating a cycle of exploitation and control that affected both their original patrons and the broader community.

In South Africa, the rise of "construction mafias," also called "business forums," can be traced back to around 2015, originating in KwaZulu-Natal. These groups began by invading construction sites and demanding a share of projects or employment.

These groups initially targeted smaller projects but later expanded their reach to include significant infrastructure developments. They often claim to represent local communities, seeking economic benefits from construction projects. Their methods typically involve demanding a share in contracts, employment for their members, or "protection fees," often resorting to violence and intimidation if their demands are ignored.

Prominent among these groups are those linked to Delangokubona and the Federation for Radical Economic Transformation (FFRET). Delangokubona is known for invading construction sites in KwaZulu-Natal.

At the same time, the FFRET was formed by leaders from local business forums, with Malusi Zondi as president and Nathi Mnyandu as vice president.