Drooling dog on high alert

My 14-year-old female dog is acting very strangely. She is permanently alert, frightened, shaking and drooling, except when she is in her safe haven cage. Any advice would be helpful.

- DR DAVID GRANT

A These signs are common in older dogs. The initial question is whether the problem has a medical basis or if it is behavioural. These signs suggest a possible psychological upset.

It is, however, very important to rule out medical problems first, as many respond quite quickly to treatment, whereas behavioural problems might take longer to unravel. A complete veterinary examination will be needed to decide on the best plan of action.

If your dog is suffering from pain, she might shake and show some of the signs you mention. Many dogs her age have some degree of arthritis, often causing hip and back pain. Dental pain could also account for drooling.