The rise and rise of Oropouche fever aka sloth fever: Options for India

Oropouche fever, aka sloth fever, is spreading across continents, raising global health concerns. With cases reported in South America, the Caribbean, Europe, and the USA, urgent measures are needed to contain this emerging viral threat even in India.

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Oropouche fever, commonly known as sloth fever, has recently emerged as a serious global health threat. The Oropouche virus, which causes the fever, was first identified in a three-toed sloth in South America, hence its name. This viral infection is transmitted mainly through the bites of infected mosquitoes and midges, making it a health concern in regions with these vectors.

As of August 2024, more than 8,000 locally acquired cases have been reported in South American countries such as Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, and Peru. The United States has also recorded its first cases, with over 20 travelers returning from Cuba testing positive. Europe is not immune, with 19 cases reported this year alone.

GLOBAL RESPONSE EFFORTS

The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued guidelines to help countries manage and contain the spread of Oropouche fever. These guidelines stress the importance of surveillance, early detection, and prompt isolation of cases.

The WHO recommends that countries enhance vector control measures, such as using insecticides and eliminating breeding sites for mosquitoes and midges. Public awareness campaigns are also crucial for educating people about the symptoms and preventive measures.