The marvel of migration: behaviour and mechanisms in animals

Migration is one of the most fascinating phenomena in the natural world.

- Priyanka Priyadarshini Patra University of Hyderabad

Every year, billions of creatures embark on incredible trips, frequently covering great distances in search of better resources, breeding areas, or pleasant temperatures. From microscopic insects to enormous mammals, migration demonstrates nature's inventiveness and tenacity.

Why do animals migrate?

Migration is often motivated by three major factors including animals migrate to avoid adverse environmental circumstances, such as severe winters or dry seasons. Many species migrate to specific breeding grounds that provide ideal conditions for raising their offspring. Seasonal variations frequently impact the availability of food resources, causing animals to seek out better feeding grounds.

Mechanisms behind migration

Migratory journeys are not random. Animals use instinct, contextual signals, and physiological adaptations to navigate their surroundings. Here are some important mechanisms:

Celestial Navigation:

Many migratory birds, such the Arctic tern, use the sun, stars, and even the moon to orient themselves. According to studies, birds have an internal clock that allows them to adjust to variations in time and light.

Magnetic Fields:

Some animals, such as sea turtles and monarch butterflies, have a magnetic sense. This enables them to sense the Earth's magnetic field and use it as a natural compass.

Landmarks:

To guide their migration, animals such as grey whales and some bird species use recognisable geographical landmarks such as coasts, mountain ranges, and river systems.

Chemical Cues:

Salmon are well-known for their capacity to return to their home rivers to spawn. They use their keen sense of smell to detect certain chemical signatures in the water.

Weather Patterns: