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Analysis: From fishers to students, the deal's key points
May 20, 2025
|The Guardian
Yesterday's agreement with the EU is being billed by Keir Starmer as a hat-trick after his India and US deals.
António Costa, the European Council president, says it is a "new chapter" in relations.
In reality, the deal will mean months, and possibly a year, of negotiations. Here are its main provisions and their implications:
This is possibly the biggest reset in the relationship and will draw accusations that the Fewer checks on food exports UK is once again becoming a "rule-taker" from the EU, with the Conservatives already arguing the deal is a "surrender".
Both sides have agreed to remove farm products - including fresh meat, vegetables, timber, wool and leather - from sanitary and phytosanitary checks.
At a stroke, it will mean cheese and sausage makers will once again be able to sell into the EU without health certification, something that killed off many small businesses including woolsellers in Devon and cheesemakers in Yorkshire.
It will also be a big win for Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, reducing the checks on fresh food going into Northern Ireland and allowing Irish beef and cheese to be exported to the UK once again without veterinary certification.
Nevertheless, the UK will remain outside the customs union and Brexit customs declarations will remain. Nor does there seem to be any movement on dual regulation on medicines, veterinary medicines or chemicals, such as paint or household cleaning products.
A 12-year fisheries rollover
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