Alive Quest for Equity

The constitutional prerogative of social justice requires a multifaceted approach to dismantle caste, class, and gender inequalities through legal reforms and sustained civic action

- FR. JOHN FELIX RAJ & PRABHAT KUMAR DATTA

Social justice is a relatively recent concept that emerged from the struggles of the industrial revolution and subsequent civil revolutions in Europe, aiming to create more egalitarian societies. Although its roots can be traced to the Anglo-Saxon political tradition, the term "social justice" first appeared in United Nations texts in the 1960s. The concept gained prominence in the Declaration of Social Progress and Development (1969) and the Charter of the Economic Rights and Duties of States (1974).

The Copenhagen Declaration emphasises that social justice and development are intertwined with human rights. According to John Rawls, social justice involves distributing social primary goods (liberty, opportunity, income, wealth, and self-respect) equally, unless unequal distribution benefits the least favoured.

Indian Perspective on Social Justice In modern Indian thought, social justice often challenges the traditional Hindu caste hierarchy. Various leaders have framed this concept differently. Jotiba Phule advocated for radical social reform, while Narayan Guru used the devotional vocabulary of Bhakti. Periyar, on the other hand, approached social justice through a rationalist lens.

Social justice in India emphasises equal treatment for all citizens, regardless of caste, colour, or race. According to Ambedkar, social justice balances freedom, political justice, and economic justice, enabling democracy to thrive. He saw social justice as a practical, achievable goal rather than just a normative ideal.