Xi Jinping’s blueprint for China 2030

I am writing this article in the context of ongoing discussions on open economies and the relationship between political arrangements and economic development.

- By Charitha Herath

Political-economic systems around the world generally fall into three broad models: the democratic political arrangements typical of many Western nations, open economies with an authorised but limited role for the State as seen in Singapore and Malaysia and open economies with a socialist character, exemplified by China, where the ruling Party and the State operate as a unified entity Examining the Chinese model offers a unique opportunity to explore whether centralised, Party-led governance can enhance professionalism in policymaking.

Historical experience demonstrates the challenges of policy continuity in democratic systems. Ambitious national plans in Sri Lanka from the 1950's 10-year plan, the 1970’s 5-year plan, to the 1978 six-year plan were often restructured or abandoned by successive Governments due to shifting political agendas. Even in systems with strong representation, electing a capable leader does not always ensure effective or consistent policymaking. Such failures frequently led to inefficient use of public funds, incomplete projects, or underutilised outcomes. Similar patterns can be observed in other democratic contexts, including India. Against this backdrop, the Chinese approach anchored in long-term planning, centralised decision-making, and sustained policy implementation, offers a case study for assessing whether a one-party system can create the stability, continuity, and professionalism necessary for effective economic and social development. This article will elaborate on the 15th Five-Year Plan (2025-2030) as a lens through which to evaluate the broader implications of China’s political-economic model.