Why Atrial Flutter Happens Common Causes and Risk Factors

Atrial flutter happens when electrical signals in the heart become trapped in a fast, circular loop. This can be triggered by heart disease, high blood pressure, lung problems, thyroid issues, alcohol, or structural changes in the heart.

- By Dr Mahantesh R. Charantimath

Atrial flutter is a type of heart rhythm disorder where the upper chambers of the heart (atria) start beating very fast and in a regular, circular pattern. While it is less common than atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter can still cause palpitations, shortness of breath, fatigue, dizziness, and an increased risk of stroke.

What Exactly Happens in Atrial Flutter?

Normally, the heart beats in a controlled rhythm thanks to electrical signals that travel in an organised way. In atrial flutter, a rapid and abnormal electrical circuit forms inside the atria, causing them to beat 250-350 times per minute—much faster than normal. The ventricles (lower chambers) cannot keep up fully, but the fast atrial rhythm still makes the heart work less efficiently.

Common Causes of Atrial Flutter

Atrial flutter can happen for many reasons. Sometimes the cause is clear, and other times it develops due to a combination of factors affecting the heart's structure and electrical system.

Heart Disease and Damage to Heart Tissue

Conditions that weaken or scar the heart's electrical pathways are the most common causes of atrial flutter. These include:

Coronary artery disease (blocked arteries) - Poor blood supply to the heart muscle can disturb electrical signals.