Cervical Dysplasia: What Every Woman Should Know

Cervical dysplasia is a medical condition that many women may not be familiar with until it's found during a routine screening. While the term might sound alarming, understanding what it means, how it's diagnosed, and how it can be managed is essential for every woman's reproductive health.

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What Is Cervical Dysplasia?

Cervical dysplasia refers to the abnormal growth of cells on the surface of the cervix—the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina. These abnormal cells are not cancer, but they can be a precursor to cervical cancer if left untreated. Dysplasia is usually detected through a Pap smear or HPV test during a routine gynecological exam.

What Causes Cervical Dysplasia?

The most common cause of cervical dysplasia is persistent infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV)—particularly the high-risk strains like HPV 16 and 18. HPV is a very common sexually transmitted infection, and most people are exposed to it at some point in their lives. However, only some infections persist and lead to dysplasia.

Other Risk Factors Include:

• Early onset of sexual activity

• Multiple sexual partners

• Smoking

• A weakened immune system

• Long-term use of birth control pills

• Other sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
  

Types and Grades of Cervical Dysplasia