SCRIPTING A LANGUAGE
Careers 360|February 2023
As far as Dhaniram Toto knows, around two centuries ago, his people started moving out of the region of Mongolia and made their way to West Bengal where they founded Totopara and settled down. The Toto language, spoken by under 1,700 individuals at last count, had no script until Dhaniram Toto, 59, gave it one. For his achievement, he is being awarded the Padma Shri in 2023. He spoke to Careers 360 about the language, its speakers and the birth of the Toto alphabet. Edited excerpts.
Pritha Roy Choudhury
SCRIPTING A LANGUAGE

Q. Can you tell us about the history of the Totos and their language?

A. We are Mongolian. To escape the cold and harsh terrain, our ancestors travelled to China, Bhutan and reached Alipurduar in the Jalpaiguri district of West Bengal. Then, they went back from Alipurduar and reached Genchu in Bhutan, staying there for a while. But soon, they had to start moving again as clashes broke out with the native tribe of Genchu. Our ancestors were involved in shifting cultivation and the tribes of Genchu were doing the same. Instead of going north, they moved south until they reached Salsalabari near Alipurduar, their final settlement. At that time the Koch dynasty ruled the region. In the process of travelling from the Mongol region we came across the Chinese, Bhutanese, Koch, the Ranjbanshi (Bengali-Assamese language spoken in Nepal) people, and the people of Nepal and so, the language kept developing and changing.

Q. Why is the language dying?

هذه القصة مأخوذة من طبعة February 2023 من Careers 360.

ابدأ النسخة التجريبية المجانية من Magzter GOLD لمدة 7 أيام للوصول إلى آلاف القصص المتميزة المنسقة وأكثر من 8500 مجلة وصحيفة.

هذه القصة مأخوذة من طبعة February 2023 من Careers 360.

ابدأ النسخة التجريبية المجانية من Magzter GOLD لمدة 7 أيام للوصول إلى آلاف القصص المتميزة المنسقة وأكثر من 8500 مجلة وصحيفة.

المزيد من القصص من CAREERS 360 مشاهدة الكل
The 50 colleges in 5 countries where most Indians go for MBBS abroad
Careers 360

The 50 colleges in 5 countries where most Indians go for MBBS abroad

Data on countries and colleges from the Foreign Medical Graduates Examination (FMGE) 2022 - the latest available - shows that most Indians who completed medical degrees abroad and wrote the FMGE went to five countries.

time-read
2 mins  |
May 2024
Foreign medical colleges: Look before you leap
Careers 360

Foreign medical colleges: Look before you leap

A close look at foreign medical colleges that thousands of Indians have graduated from shows that many are unaccredited, don’t have hospitals or even their own websites

time-read
7 mins  |
May 2024
'Either I clear FMGE or leave the country'
Careers 360

'Either I clear FMGE or leave the country'

After spending lakhs on MBBS degrees abroad, thousands spend years trying to clear the FMGE. That is the only option for Indian graduates of foreign medical colleges to build a career in India

time-read
7 mins  |
May 2024
Why hundreds of nursing graduates leave India each year
Careers 360

Why hundreds of nursing graduates leave India each year

There has been an increase in nursing institutes over the past two decades but policy gaps, lax regulations, poor pay and opportunities are pushing a large number of nursing staff to seek opportunities abroad

time-read
8 mins  |
May 2024
In Kashmir, why NEET and JEE candidates flock to private reading halls to prepare for exams
Careers 360

In Kashmir, why NEET and JEE candidates flock to private reading halls to prepare for exams

These are accessible round-the-clock, even on public holidays, have private cabins and booths, kitchen, discussion area and some, even places for napping

time-read
4 mins  |
May 2024
Battling despair and depression in medical school
Careers 360

Battling despair and depression in medical school

Long hours, bullying, lack of support make a difficult programme tougher for medical students. They hope for clear guidelines from the NMC

time-read
5 mins  |
May 2024
This father-daughter duo uncovered a scam in NEET admissions in West Bengal
Careers 360

This father-daughter duo uncovered a scam in NEET admissions in West Bengal

Several generalcategory students had secured admission in medical colleges with forged ST certificates. Ishita Soren spotted the names, and her father followed up

time-read
4 mins  |
May 2024
'Forced to take up bonded labour
Careers 360

'Forced to take up bonded labour

There's massive resistance to a state policy in Karnataka that requires even private medical college graduates to do one year's mandatory rural service

time-read
6 mins  |
May 2024
‘A routine circus': PG medical students lobby, move court to get stipends
Careers 360

‘A routine circus': PG medical students lobby, move court to get stipends

Despite NMC orders, many medical colleges still seriously underpay resident doctors and threaten them into silence. In government colleges, stipends can be delayed for months

time-read
5 mins  |
May 2024
Why Mizoram wants centre to take over its only medical college
Careers 360

Why Mizoram wants centre to take over its only medical college

Mizoram got its first state medical college in 2018. In 2023, it asked the union government to take over. Mixed up in this are questions of funding, MBBS seat distribution

time-read
6 mins  |
May 2024