The Schleswig Wars were fought over the destiny of Schleswig and Holstein, the two duchies at the base of the Jutland Peninsula. Both were ruled by the king of Denmark as their duke, but while Schleswig was part of Denmark, Holstein was a member of the German Confederation. The mixed population of Schleswig (Danish in the north and German in the south) also complicated matters. Danish nationalists wanted to separate Schleswig formally into Denmark, while German nationalists wanted to combine the two duchies as one within the German Confederation.
The First Schleswig War of 1848 began with the dilemma over who would succeed the heirless King Frederick VII of Denmark. While it was likely he would be succeeded by Prince Christian of Oldenburg, the two duchies would go to Prince Frederick of Augustenburg. In 1848, Frederick announced a constitution that would rule both Denmark, Schleswig and Holstein under a single system. But the two duchies were appalled and established a provisional government in the port city of Kiel in March. The provisional government, nominally led by Augustenburg, requested membership to the German Confederation, which the Confederate Diet agreed.
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THE OTHER OPERATION OVERLORD D-DAY'S GHOST ARMY
Historian Taylor Downing discusses the cunning use of intrigue and deception during Operation Fortitude
D-DAY LANDING CRAFT
Over 4,000 Allied landing craft took part in the Normandy Landings with a huge range of designs created for specific roles and capabilities
BEHIND ENEMY LINES
Spearheading the invasion of occupied France in 1944 were a small number of Special Forces soldiers dropped deep into enemy territory. Among them was a young Londoner, fresh from training here he reveals how he survived guerrilla warfare in France and beyond as part of the fledgling Special Air Service
JIMMIE MONTEITH
In the crucible of battle at Omaha Beach on D-Day, this officer of the famed 1st Infantry Division earned his nation’s highest honour at the cost of his life
KLEINKAMPFVERBÄNDE - GERMANY'S COUNTER-ATTACKS
As Allied forces crossed the Channel and stormed into Normandy, Hitler's navy fought back using a deadly new breed of maritime weaponry
STORMING GOLD BEACH
War veteran Ron Peet helped assault Gold Beach on D-Day Here he shares his experiences
UNDERGROUND WREN
Deep in the bowels of Fort Southwick, radio operator Marie Scott was one of the first to hear reports as Operation Overlord got underway, passing critical communications between the men on the beaches and high command
MINESWEEPER OFF NORMANDY
After helping clear the path to France, Royal Navy veteran Claude Sealey and his crewmates experienced a deadly encounter with their own countrymen
THE RECCE RIDER OF RANVILLE
After fencing behind enemy lines in Normandy, William Bill’ Gladden conducted us reconnaissance on his motorcycle
SWORD BEACH
The easternmost sector of the 6 June Normandy Landings was a mostly British affair, and Saw some of the biggest territorial gains of the first day of the Allied invasion
