I WOULD PRAY very hard," says V Ramasubramanian, when asked what if antibiotics failed to work one day. For the Chennai-based doctor who specialises in infectious diseases and tropical medicines, it is just impossible to contemplate a world without these wonder drugs that have revolutionised modern medicine since Alexander Fleming discovered the first of the kind, penicillin, in 1928. Today, antibiotics underpin much of the treatment we receive-be it for a small scrape or an organ transplant. Scientists estimate that by preventing people from dying of bacterial infections, antibiotics have helped increase life expectancy by 23 years. But the progress made over the last century is getting eroded.
Repeated exposure to antibiotics, due to unnecessary use, has prompted these single-cell pathogens to mutate and evolve their defence mechanisms to inactivate or evade the drugs. A May 2023 study by UK researchers has found that some bacteria adapt special pumps to flush antibiotics out of their cells. Then there are those resistant to multiple drugs. Last year, a report by medical journal The Lancet found that antibiotic resistance is now a leading cause of death worldwide. In 2019, antibiotic resistance was linked to 5 million deaths, with 1.3 million deaths directly attributed to it.
This story is from the July 16, 2023 edition of Down To Earth.
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This story is from the July 16, 2023 edition of Down To Earth.
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