Most cultures have stories and myths detailing the end of days, from the eventual fate of humans to what will happen to our world and any other realms inhabited by their respective deities. These legends often promise the arrival of a reorganised existence after the cataclysm, a paradise.
But what does modern science have to say about the end of days or to put it in more scientific terms, the end of the Universe?
We know that Earth, if it's not destroyed by us or an errant asteroid first, will likely be incinerated when the Sun expands into a red giant. Luckily, that's not likely to happen for at least another five billion years.
As for the Universe as a whole, do we have any understanding of when and how it will come to an end?
We can look to modern cosmology for some intriguing possible answers. And with the European Organisation for Nuclear Research, aka CERN, currently developing the Future Circular Collider (FCC) a gargantuan 'atom smasher' almost three times bigger than the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) we're one step closer to knowing which one is likely to be right.
FREEZE, CRUNCH OR RIP
In exploring the various theories, it all comes down to the balance between the expansion of the Universe and the pull of gravity. In one scenario, gravity may not be strong enough to stop the Universe from expanding, meaning it'll continue to do so forever.
As all the energy eventually becomes uniformly distributed, the Universe will become darker and colder. Even black holes will evaporate as the Universe becomes a near-vacuum of subatomic particles and photons, an endless and timeless void where nothing ever happens. This is called the 'Big Freeze' (or, conversely, 'Heat Death').
This story is from the June 2024 edition of BBC Science Focus.
Start your 7-day Magzter GOLD free trial to access thousands of curated premium stories, and 9,000+ magazines and newspapers.
Already a subscriber ? Sign In
This story is from the June 2024 edition of BBC Science Focus.
Start your 7-day Magzter GOLD free trial to access thousands of curated premium stories, and 9,000+ magazines and newspapers.
Already a subscriber? Sign In
THE HUNGER GAME
Obesity is on the rise, but as we blame our unhealthy food-ridden environment and look to wonder drugs to get rid of unwanted fat, what role do our genetics play?
HOW THE UNIVERSE WILL END
A colossal supercollider now in the early stages of development may one day help us predict the ultimate fate of the Universe. With it, scientists will be trying to find a hidden instability built into the fabric of existence... an instability that could destroy everything
DARK ENERGY MIGHT BE ABOUT TO THROW A SPANNER IN THE WORKS
The most mysterious phenomenon in the Universe could be about to spring another surprise on us
TAKE-OFF AT LAST
AFTER A LONG WAIT, THE WORLD'S FIRST ZERO EMISSIONS AEROPLANES ARE FINALLY TAXIING TO REALITY. BUT ARE THEY THE SOLUTION WE NEED?
INSIDE THE 3D, NANOSCALE ATLAS THAT REVEALS A FRACTION OF THE HUMAN BRAIN
The map is now the highest-resolution picture of the human brain ever created
HOW THE LATEST DEVELOPMENT IN NUCLEAR FORENSICS MAY HELP CLEAN UP CHERNOBYL
Contrary to popular belief, radioactive material doesn't glow. But a team of nuclear forensics experts are working on a device to make it do just that. BBC Science Focus's Noa Leach meets the scientists behind the innovative device
MAJOR STUDY SHOWS HOW ULTRA-PROCESSED FOODS CHANGE YOUR LIFESPAN, IF YOU'RE NOT EATING YOUR VEG
While ultra-processed food is bad for your health, a decades-long study suggests it may not be as harmful as previously thought
ORIGIN OF EARTH'S 'SECOND MOON' DISCOVERED
Asteroid sampling mission will confirm whether moon-like Kamo'oalewa came from our Moon
INTERMITTENT FASTING AND CORRECTLY TIMED WORKOUTS ARE KEY TO FAT LOSS, SAYS STUDY
A new approach to dieting and exercise could help you lose weight and enhance your health
MASSIVE EXPLOSION SPOTTED ON MYSTERIOUS DEAD STAR
A satellite in the right place at the right time captured an important cosmic sight