A public inquiry led by Sir John Saunders concluded that there was a "realistic possibility" that the bomber could have been thwarted if the security services had acted more decisively on intelligence.
Andrew Roussos, whose eight-year-old daughter Saffie-Rose Roussos was one of the 22 people killed in the blast, blamed MI5 for a "cataclysmic failure" and said the spy agency was "not fit to keep us safe and therefore not fit for purpose".
In the long-anticipated final report of the inquiry, Saunders said it was "quite impossible" to say definitively whether any different action would have prevented the blast, but that there was a "significant missed opportunity to take action that might have prevented the attack".
The conclusion triggered a rare public apology from MI5's director general, Ken McCallum, who said it was of "deep regret" that the agency did not obtain sufficient intelligence to stop the "terrible tragedy".
"Gathering covert intelligence is difficult but had we managed to seize the slim chance we 6 had, those impacted might not have experienced such appalling loss and trauma. I am profoundly sorry MI5 did not prevent the attack."
But the apology was rejected by Roussos, whose daughter was the youngest victim of the attack. He said it was "insulting" for MI5 to say there was only a "slim chance" of stopping the attack, adding: "He [McCallum] had loads of chances, transparent chances. I can't accept an apology for losing my daughter."
The 226-page report, which came two-and-a-half years after the inquiry began, found that:
This story is from the March 03, 2023 edition of The Guardian.
Start your 7-day Magzter GOLD free trial to access thousands of curated premium stories, and 8,500+ magazines and newspapers.
Already a subscriber ? Sign In
This story is from the March 03, 2023 edition of The Guardian.
Start your 7-day Magzter GOLD free trial to access thousands of curated premium stories, and 8,500+ magazines and newspapers.
Already a subscriber? Sign In
Ruined town re-emerges as Philippines dam dries up
Ruins of a centuries-old town have emerged at a dam parched by drought in the northern Philippines.
"This was a crisis': Hope Hicks tells of panic over Trump recording at hush money trial
Hope Hicks, Donald Trump's 2016 campaign secretary, described the former US president's staffers' panic when a recording emerged in which he had bragged about groping women, saying \"this was a crisis\" for his presidential campaign, as she took the witness stand yesterday in Trump's criminal hush money trial.
'Jews need to fight back' Shock and sadness in Israel at overseas protests
At the Jerusalem theatre, concertgoers and staff expressed a mixture of anger, sadness and defiance as weeks of proPalestinian protests across dozens of US college campuses reached a tumultuous climax 6,000 miles away.
Tenants should be given the 'right to garden', says leading horticulturalist
Developers and landlords should give tenants a \"right to garden\", a leading horticulturalist has said, as part of a campaign for more green spaces in new-build homes.
Last rites? Decline in vulture numbers forces Parsis to adapt burial practices
Traditional Zoroastrian burial rites are becoming impossible to perform because of the decline of vultures in India, Iran and Pakistan.
In Plato's words How AI is helping to reveal the secrets of ancient scrolls
More than 2,000 years after he died, Plato, the towering figure of classical antiquity and founder of the Academy, still makes the news.
Boy convicted of murder after stabbing near primary school
A 15-year-old boy who stabbed another teenager through the heart on the way home from school was found guilty of murder yesterday.
Super-rich spending up to £400,000 on Paris Olympics packages
Members of the global super-rich are spending as much as $500,000 (£400,000) on \"ultra exclusive\" packages for the Paris 2024 Olympics that promoters claim include meeting athletes, access to the athletes' village, and \"the chance to be part of the opening ceremony\".
Boost for travel agents as Race Across the World grips viewers
No celebrities, no luxuries, and a miserly £20,000 in prize money.
Who ya gonna call? Ghostbusters becomes latest film to bring in cultural consultants
Film and TV productions are turning to a growing number of \"cultural consultants\" to help them navigate the choppy waters of sensitivities around ethnicity and faith.