One Nation, One Poll?

Simultaneous elections promise cost savings and stability but risk undermining federalism, regional diversity, and democratic accountability. A cautious, inclusive debate is vital for India's electoral future

- FR. JOHN FELIX RAJ & PRABHAT KUMAR DATTA

With the disappearance of direct democracy and the rise of representative government globally, elections have emerged as the most trusted and effective means of securing the voice of the people, who hold the key to democratic governance. Elections create an environment conducive to the discussion of public issues and facilitate the expression of public opinion, thus playing a crucial role in the political education of citizens - a prerequisite for a thriving democratic system. The legitimacy and stability of a political community are significantly reinforced through elections.

Elections play a significant role in the self-actualization of individuals, enabling them to realize their potential and become fully functioning members of society. As Carl Rogers explains, self-actualization is the process by which individuals achieve their full potential. Through electoral participation, citizens affirm their self-worth and self-respect, acknowledging that the government represents their collective will.

In countries with stable democracies, elections are widely regarded as a competition between two or more political parties or blocs, each with its own distinct ideology or program. This competition provides citizens with the opportunity to choose from alternative platforms, a fundamental tenet of democratic governance.

As a union of states, India comprises states with defined jurisdictions and union territories. India had a long-standing tradition of holding simultaneous elections for the Lok Sabha and state legislative assemblies, dating back to 1951-52. However, this practice was disrupted in 1967 with the emergence of hung assemblies.