<div style="page-break-before:always; page-break-after:always"><p id="1">Shivaji was born in the hill-fort of Shivneri, near the city of Junnar in what is now Pune district. He revived ancient Hindu political traditions and court conventions and promoted the usage of Marathi and Sanskrit, rather than Persian language, in court and administration. He named the Ashta Pradhan (council of ministers) according to Sanskrit nomenclature. He was given deshmukhi rights for military expenses. The Government of Maharashtra lists 19 February as a holiday commemorating Shivaji&#39;s birth (Shivaji Jayanti). He was named after a local deity, the goddess Shivai. His father Shahaji Bhonsle was a Maratha general who served the Deccan Sultanates. Shivaji was devoted to his mother Jijabai, who was deeply religious. His studies of the Hindu epics, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, also influenced his lifelong defence of Hindu values. He was deeply interested in religious teachings, and regularly sought the company of Hindu saints. He married Saibai from the prominent Nimbalkar family in 1640. As early as 1645, the teenage Shivaji expressed his concept for Hindavi Swarajya (Indian self-rule), in a letter. In 1674, he was formally crowned as the chhatrapati (emperor) of his realm at Raigad.</p><div style="page-break-before:always; page-break-after:always"><p id="3">The warrior king is known for establishing the Maratha empire, which lasted for close to two centuries. At its peak, the empire extended from Attock, which today lies in Pakistan, to Thanjavur in Tamil Nadu. Known as the Father of Indian Navy, Shivaji was the first to realise the importance of having a naval force, and therefore he strategically established a navy and forts at the coastline to defend the Konkan side of Maharashtra. The Jaigad, Vijaydurg, Sindhudurg and other such forts still stand as a testament to his efforts and ideas.</p><p id="4">The secular ruler was very accommodating of all religions. He had numerous Muslim soldiers in his army. His only aim was to overthrow Mughal rule and establish Maratha Empire. He was also very supportive of people who converted to Hinduism. Shivaji was a proud Hindu and never compromised on his religion. He is also known for his liberal and tolerant religious policy. While Hindus were relieved to practice their religion freely under a Hindu ruler, Shivaji not only allowed Muslims to practice without harassment, but supported their ministries with endowments.</p><p id="1">Shivaji was a dependable supporter of women and their honour. He opposed all kinds of violence, harassment and dishonour against women. Anyone under his rule caught violating woman&#39;s rights was severely punished. In fact, women of captured territories were also released unharmed, and with integrity. Chhatrapati Shivaji was called as the &#39;Mountain Rat&#39; and was widely known for his guerrilla warfare tactics. He was called so because of his awareness in geography of his land, and guerrilla tactics like raiding, ambushing and surprise attacks on his enemies. He knew the importance of a good army, and with his skills, expanded his father&#39;s 2,000 soldier army to 10,000 soldiers.</p><div style="page-break-before:always; page-break-after:always"><p id="2">In late March 1680, Shivaji fell ill with fever and dysentery, and died on April 3, 1680 at the age of 52.</p><p id="4">Shivaji established a royal name for himself in history with his administrative skills by upholding the Swarajya values and the Maratha heritage. He was known for his bravery and tactics with which he won numerous wars against the Mughals, which makes him the greatest Maratha ruler.</p><p id="5">Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj died on April 3, 1680, but even today, he continues to be celebrated as Maharashtra&rsquo;s tallest icon. In Maharashtra, parks, monuments, Mumbai&rsquo;s airport bear his name.</p>

Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj

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