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Focusing On Labor
Photographs can communicate in many ways.
Give The Kids A Break! Crossword Puzzle
Can you solve this puzzle about the people and events connected to child labor and the issues it generated? All the information to help you can be found in this issue. Answers on page 48.
Extra! Extra! Newsboys Strike!
Kid Blink, a teenage boy small for his age and blind in one eye, buttoned his shirt and brushed back his hair as he took the stage.
Dr. D's Mystery Hero - Child Star
Child labor often brings to mind terrible conditions for poor wages, but this month’s mystery hero’s story was different.
Dear Mama Letters From A Mill Girl
Lowell, Massachusetts, on the Merrimack River, was founded in the 1820s as a textile manufacturing center.
Champions For Reform
Imagine that instead of going to school 7 hours a day, 5 days a week, 9 months a year, you went to work 14 hours a day, 6 days a week, 12 months a year.
Maker of Masks
They were called mutilés—soldiers whose faces had been destroyed by the war. Some were missing an eye, a nose, or an ear. Some had horrible burns or parts of their jaws blown away by enemy fire.
A Deadly Flu
More than 50 million people, including half a mil-lion people in America, became victims of a force more deadly than war.
The End of the War to End All Wars
All was quiet on the Western Front at 11:00 a.m. on November 11, 1918.
The Harlem Hellfighters
Private Henry Johnson was on watch in the French trenches of the Argonne Forest on May 15, 1918, when a grenade exploded nearby.
Great Facts About The Great War
World War I was the first war that used aircraft and aircraft carriers. About 65,000 aircraft eventually were built and used by the countries involved.
The War's Pull
Americans read all about the horrible fighting in the Great War in 1914.
The Great War - An Overview
World War I—or the “Great War,” as it was called—was truly a world war. An estimated 65 million soldiers representing more than 30 countries from six continents took part.
The Final Push
When Germany launched a spring offensive in March 1918, it hoped to defeat Great Britain and France on the Western Front before U.S. forces could arrive.
Preparing To Fight
When the United States declared war on Germany on April 6, 1917, the decision triggered a massive effort to organize, train, and supply U.S. forces for duty overseas.
Women on the Rise
The activism of women was impossible to miss during the Progressive Era. From labor strikes and grassroots campaigns to the crusade for the vote, women mobilized in large numbers.
Protect and Conserve
When Theodore Roosevelt became president of the United States in 1901, he used the power of the federal government to support an important movement in the Progressive Era: the protection of America’s natural resources.
Helping Hands
The large number of immigrants coming into the country at the turn of the century led to crowded living conditions in city tenements.
A Failed Experiment
This 1846 print warns of the evils of alcohol by showing the stages of a man going from social drinker to death, while his family cries under the archway.
Teacher
The story of Anne Sullivan’s life once it became linked to Helen Keller’s life is known. Less familiar is Sullivan’s life before she arrived in Alabama in 1887. Johanna Mansfield “Anne” Sullivan was born on April 15, 1866.
Famous Friends
Most people have heard of Helen Keller’s remarkable friendship with Anne Sullivan, her “Teacher,” who first taught her how to communicate.
A Visit To Ivy Green
In northwestern Alabama, the simple white clapboard house known as Ivy Green has been preserved as a museum dedicated to Helen Keller’s life and work.
A School With Vision
By the time Helen Keller arrived at the Perkins Institution in the 1880s, the school had changed its name and location a few times. Today, it is known as the Perkins School for the Blind, but its mission of working with children with vision disabilities remains just strong as when it opened nearly 190 years ago.
Building The Line
Grenville M. Dodge, the Union Pacific’s chief engineer, had the following to say about building the first transcontinental railroad: “To supply one mile of track with material and supplies required about forty cars, as on the plains everything—rails, ties, bridging, fastenings, all railway supplies, fuel for locomotives and trains, and supplies for men and animals on the entire work—had to be transported . . .” to the railhead.
Working On The Railroad
The transcontinental railroad was the greatest engineering feat of its time. Nothing like it had been attempted before. The project required massive amounts of material and money, and it required the labor of thousands of men working six days a week. Finding enough workers was initially difficult for both companies.
The Race Is Set
In 1857, Abraham Lincoln was the lawyer in a case for the Rock Island Bridge Company. The company had built one of the first railroad bridges across the Mississippi River. When a ship crashed into the bridge, the ship owner sued the company, claiming that the bridge obstructed free navigation of the river. The case was dismissed after the jury was deadlocked, but during it, Lincoln made an argument for the national support of “rail travel from East to West.”
MIdwest Hub
Almost as soon as Chicago was established in 1833, it went through a remarkable transformation.
Gangsters!
A dark side of Chicago’s history has been glamorized in movies and television.
First Settlement
It’s hard to imagine Chicago, the third most-populated city in the United States today, as ever being an open, swampy plain. But the area near the southern tip of Lake Michigan was once rich with wildlife, fish, and fertile soil. Different Native American groups, including the Illinois, Kickapoo, Miami, Ojibwa, Ottawa, Potawatomi, and Shawnee, once lived there. When the first French fur trappers and settlers arrived in presentday Canada and reached the western Great Lakes in the 1600s, they established a fur trade with the native communities there.
City On Fire
For years, legends blamed Mrs. O’Leary’s cow, Daisy, for starting Chicago’s Great Fire of 1871.