The Soul of Justice

Beyond codified rules lies the unwritten conscience of law — fairness, impartiality, and the right to be heard before judgment defines true justice

- RAAVI BIRBAL

Indian laws in almost every facet of law have always given a lot of importance to the principles of natural justice.

These are foundational to fair decision-making in law, including in administrative and quasi-judicial proceedings. They ensure that no individual is condemned unheard. The two cardinal tenets are: nemo judex in causa sua, i.e. no one shall be a judge in their own cause, which guards against bias; and audi alteram partem, i.e. the right to be heard, which mandates that no person should be penalised without a fair opportunity to present their case.

Natural justice is a basic principle of fairness that guides all legal and administrative decisions. It ensures that no person is treated unfairly or punished without being given a proper opportunity to explain their side. Natural justice is not limited to courts of law; it applies to all areas of decision-making, including government offices, schools, universities, workplaces, etc. It protects individuals from arbitrary or unjust actions by those in authority. By following the principles of natural justice, institutions strengthen public confidence, ensure transparency, and promote accountability.

These principles apply even in the absence of express statutory provisions. In