Africa in the global energy trends and transitions

THE GLOBAL energy landscape is undergoing a significant transformation, driven by environmental demands, technological advances, geopolitical dynamics and changing consumer patterns.

- AJONG MBAPNDAH L

In light of supply chain vulnerabilities, climate change and growing energy inequality, the conventional model, which is centred on fossil fuels and centralised infrastructure, is no longer viable.

These pressures have seen a global shift in priorities, reflected in the scale and direction of energy investment. Overall investment will reach an alltime high of $3.3 trillion (R56.9 trillion) in 2025, with clean energy technologies drawing in $2.2 trillion - double that invested in oil, gas, and coal.

This reflects a positive shift toward climate goals, investment in renewables, and a growing focus on energy security. At the same time, fossil fuels continue to supply around 80% of global primary energy, highlighting their ongoing role in meeting current demand and supporting economic stability during the transition.

The simultaneous growth of renewables and continued reliance on hydrocarbons presents a unique opportunity - to shape a balanced energy future that accelerates decarbonisation while ensuring access, reliability and affordability. For Africa, this is a significant imperative that can unlock progress across sectors.

Despite being home to 20% of the world's population, Africa receives only 3% of global energy investment. Over 600 million people remain without access to electricity, and over 1 billion people cook with unsafe fuels.