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The Nvidia supremacy: what could possibly burst the chip manufacturer's $5tn bubble?

November 02, 2025

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The Observer

"Big Tech" doesn't cut it any more. Nvidia became the first company to reach a $5tn valuation last Wednesday, thanks to a stock surge driven by optimism about the future sales in China, after Donald Trump and Xi Jinping signed a one-year trade truce.

- Patricia Clarke & Barney Macintyre

The chipmaker's performance also stood out last week amid a mixed bag of earnings for other tech giants.

Just four months ago, Nvidia's market cap was at $4tn. Now it's worth more than the German economy and wields a similar amount of geopolitical and market power.

How did it get here? Two decades ago, Nvidia developed specialised graphics cards for video games and was worth about £6bn. By 2020, its value had climbed to $200bn, as its chips became central to a booming data centre industry. But it was the launch of ChatGPT in November 2022 that saw the company's valuation skyrocket, as Nvidia's graphics processing units became the default engines for training and running generative Al models.

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